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Routing With Open Standards and Data From Denmark to Italy

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Monday, September 22nd 2008
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Summary:

The open route service for pedestrians and bicycles based on open standards and OpenStreetMap data is expanding in functionality and coverage. This article by Prof. Dr. Alexander Zipf of the University of Bonn in Germany provides an overview of OpenRouteService.org.

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a project in which a community of volunteers generates a free world map, which has, in some cities, turned out to be more detailed than commercial or government data. Until now the world of "volunteered geography" (Goodchild) collaborative projects and the world of geographic information (GI) standards used by the GI market and defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) were still somewhat separate. OpenRouteService.org is trying to bring these two worlds together. It is the first routing service that uses OSM data and provides those through the standardized interfaces specified by the OGC within the OGC Open Location Services initiative (OpenLS).

OpenRouteService now supports routing from Denmark to Italy. Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Denmark and Liechtenstein are currently supported by the OpenLS Routing Service and OpenLS Directory Service (POI Search), the OGC WMS and WFS used by OpenRouteService.org. The version for the United Kingdom/Great Britain will go live soon; the coverage will be further extended.

(Click for larger image)

Routing services are probably the most important application for street data. While there are some applications that can provide routing with OSM data, I focus here on an approach based on the concept of interoperable Web services and open standards. OpenRouteService is much more than a routing service; it uses a wide range of OGC services based on OSM data that also could be used in other applications and scenarios.

Currently the following OGC services have been implemented within the frame of OpenRouteService.org based on OSM data:
  • The OpenLS Directory Service is a service that provides access to an online directory (e.g., Yellow Pages) to find the location of a specific, or the nearest, place, product or service.
  • The OpenLS Location Utility Service provides a Geocoder/Reverse Geocoder; the Geocoder transforms a description of a location, such as a place name, street address or postal code, into a normalized description of the location with a Point geometry.
  • The OpenLS Presentation (Map Portrayal) Service portrays a map comprised of a base map derived from any geospatial data and a set of Abstract Data Types as overlays.
The OpenLS Route Service determines travel routes and navigation information according to diverse criteria. The following have been realized:
  • cars: fastest
  • cars: shortest
    • cars: for fastest and shortest additional option: no highway
    • cars: use real-time traffic (TMC), for Northrhine-Westphalia and Bavaria
  • bicycles
  • pedestrian
  • further extensions (particular options for different types of bicycles, etc.) are planned or in process
  • RDS-TMC data on traffic jams, construction work or accidents are visualized as a WMS layer and taken into account when routing. Currently, we support only the test areas of Bavaria and Northrhine-Westphalia. The TMC data have been integrated through a service chain consisting of the following:
    • OGC SOS (Sensor Observation Service),
    • OGC WPS (Web Processing Service), and
    • OGC WFS-T (Web Feature Service- transactional)
  • Accessibility Analysis Service (AAS) – The AAS calculates a polygon representing the area that is reachable within a certain time distance based on a street network around a given location.
  • An OGC WMS (Web Map Service) with SLD support provides an alternative to the usual OSM renderer (such as Mapnik/OSMRenderer) for visualizing the OSM data of the selected countries.
  • Internally, we use an OGC WFS (Web Feature Service). Within it, the OpenStreetMap data have been structured thematically in semantic layers - in contrast to the simple OSM data model. This means that the OpenStreetMap data can be accessed through GML and used in further SDI or GIS applications.
  • The relevant metadata will be inserted into an OGC CS-W (Catalogue Service Web).
  • An OGC WPS (Web Processing Service) for calculating height profiles of the calculated routes has been realized based on SRTM DEM data and will be integrated into the website soon.
This application demonstrates a Sensor Observation Service in combination with an OpenLS Route Service and an OGC Web Processing Service and other OGC Services within a mass market application based on open, user-generated geo-content. We believe this is the first such application of its kind. It combines data from real sensors and "citizens as sensors" (Goodchild) in an OGC way. Currently we use only the TMC data for Bavaria, but we are investigating the possibility of including more TMC information for the whole of Germany.

OpenRouteService.org currently offers an end-user oriented website with an interactive map. First prototypes of mobile clients are available, but we plan to also make the services available as OGC Web services that can be used through http-based xml-requests as specified in the OGC OpenLS specification. This will allow developers to use these services in an open and interoperable way easily within their own applications.

All mentioned OpenLS services and WPS processes have been implemented by the Research Group Cartography, Department of Geography, University of Bonn.



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Recent Comments

Journal News Removes Interactive Gun Permit Map

The Lower Hudson Journal News has been under fire for publishing a map of gun permit holders in two counties in New York State  before Christma. (APB coverage 1, 2, podcast). On Friday January 18 the paper removed the interactive map. Why? Publisher Janet Hasson gave answers in a media statement and in a letter to readers.

In a statement in response to The Poynter Institute (a journalism school) she argued:

With the passage this week of the NYSAFE gun law, which allows permit holders to request their names and addresses be removed from the public record, we decided to remove the gun permit data from lohud.com at 5 pm today. While the new law does not require us to remove the data, we believe that doing so complies with its spirit. For the past four weeks, there has been vigorous debate over our publication of the permit data, which has been viewed nearly 1.2 million times by readers. One of our core missions as a newspaper is to empower our readers with as much information as possible on the critical issues they face, and guns have certainly become a top issue since the massacre in nearby Newtown, Conn. Sharing as much public information as possible provides our readers with the ability to contribute to the discussion, in any way they wish, on how to make their communities safer. We remain committed to our mission of providing the critical public service of championing free speech and open records.

In a letter to readers published on Friday she wrote:

So intense was the opposition to our publication of the names and addresses that legislation passed earlier this week in Albany included a provision allowing permit holders to request confidentiality and imposing a 120-day moratorium on the release of permit holder data.

She goes on to say that during the 27 days the map was online any one interested would have seen it and that the data would eventually be out of date. She also noted that the paper does not endorse the way the state chose to limit availability of the data.

The original map/article still includes a graphic - but it's a snapshot, a raster image, with no interactivity. Says Hasson in the letter to readers:

 And we will keep a snapshot of our map — with all its red dots — on our website to remind the community that guns are a fact of life we should never forget.

I continue to applaud the paper for requesting the data via a Freedom on Informat request, mapping it, keeping the map up despite threats and criticism and now responding to state law. I think the paper did a service to the state, to citizens and to journalism.

- via reader Jim and Poynter

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