An Open Letter to GIS/Geospatial Software Companies
By: Adena Schutzberg and Joe Francica
| (Jun 03, 2005) |
We've followed your work for many years and wanted to
share some observations on the market (writ large).We suspect you know
much of what we are going to tell you, and have explored the questions
we pose.Still we feel obligated to put our thoughts in writing for
you, your partners and users.
1) The geospatial data creation world has changed. Once upon a
time you
were the only ones with the know-how to create the data for digital
maps.You owned and managed virtually all of the tools to make, update
and share (or not) that data.Not so anymore.People in basements, in
small towns in foreign lands, and even kids with GPSs are creating and
updating data.Sometimes it's with your software, sometimes it's with
CAD programs or even open source solutions.What is your role in the
creation/update of data?
2) Expectations are changing. Once geospatially savvy (and
perhaps more
importantly geospatially non-savvy) people got a look at Yahoo! Maps,
MapPoint and Google Maps, their expectations for Web mapping
immediately changed.Those quaint, but slow and feature laden offerings
from your customers (often towns, counties and states, but also the
federal government and businesses) seemed years out of date.Why else
would hackers spend so much time with Google Maps? Why else would
bosses insist on solutions that look like, or in fact are, based on
those solutions? Can you catch up and regain your customers (and your
customers' customers') support?
3) Data is king.It always was, but most of you have moved out
of the
data business, leaving it to a few, perhaps ever fewer by year's end,
worldwide companies.Certainly they have the staffs and expertise to
update and package data in ways that perhaps conflict with your common
vision of being tools and services providers.But, perhaps more than
you, those companies (NAVTEQ, Tele Atlas and friends) are the "Intel
inside" of geospatial applications.There are a few of them, and they
hold a key part of the puzzle.
A few players jumped in to try to be the distributor/indexer of that
data (the next best thing if you can't own the data), but so far, no
one is winning, really, not even some of the federal governments.What
is your role in the data business?
4) Slick, fast and simple wins. We know you all aim to serve the
professional marketplace.But more and more you want to serve the
executive and the enterprise marketplace, too.(You must, as those
terms pop up everywhere in your marketing literature!) Those CXOs and
other potential users across the enterprise are professionals from
other arenas.They like simple.
Enough already with feature/function battles: Just how much
functionality do you think your customers employ with the existing
desktop mapping products they bought from you? 20% maybe? Products have become so over laden
with features that most of it goes unused.Do you remember the first
version of MapPoint? It was a joke, right? So limited in
(GIS/geospatial) functionality wasn't it? Today, several hundred
thousand copies later it is still fairly simple.It does a few things
very well and now with an open API, many more users are customizing it
for enterprise applications that you only wish companies were doing
with your products.
Remember the first Palm Pilot? It did five things.Remember the first
widely known desktop "viewer"? It did five things.Others are
outwitting you on this front these days.Why?
5) Communication is key. You've all done a fine job
communicating with
your users.But, remember, they have, over the years, learned your
language.The rest of the planet has not.Look at the new names in this
space: MapPoint, Google Earth, Virtual Earth, Where 2.0, location
technology...no GIS, no geospatial, no jargon.Why are you afraid of
simpler, accessible terms?
6) Open is the future. Nearly every company is on the "open"
band
wagon.That's great.Still, open means something different to every
vendor and every user, and that likely will not change.How do you
measure your openness? Do you? Is it the number of interfaces you
implement? The number of tools that are open source? Or, should it be
something more difficult to measure, like the number of solutions that
tap into yours, without your explicit aid? Are people (especially
non-GIS people) hacking your software?
7) The Web won! Yes, you got that right in the early excitement of
the
Web.And then you let it go.Maps on the Web were the sole purview of
the GIS companies in the late 90's.Only MapQuest and MapBlast were on
the radar screen.So, where were you? Were you the engine behind these
companies or the ones that came later? No, the opportunity slipped
through your fingers.Data...did you have the data? Yes, you did, and
then you let them go, too.Did you have the APIs? Yes, you did and then
you let them go.
8) Nothing personal, it's just business. The business drivers
that led
to Google Maps, MapQuest and others were not those of GIS companies, or
so it seems.You looked at yourself as software companies; not
technology providers.You were out to sell boxes and licenses, not per
click transactions.It was a different model and you were not prepared
to deal with it.You tried your hand at wireless location-based
services and the market bubble burst.Now, "search" is here and few are
prepared to deal with this new business model.So other companies with
different business models than yours stepped into the void: Telcontar
and GlobeXplorer and NAVTEQ dealt with the opportunity differently.
9) Stop and smell the opportunities: Anyone can put together a
website
that uses maps.New mapping applications appear daily.Each one is
driven not by GIS specialists, but by business necessity and
innovation.You need to be mixing and matching your own solutions and
finding ways to bring your customers technology that aggregates
location-based data and other location solutions, and distributes the
information in a way that conforms to mainstream enterprise
architecture.You can not stand alone anymore.You need to play in a
bigger IT arena.
This is not to say that you will go away anytime soon.There will
always be a market for some basic data capture and integration
solutions.But, when it comes to applications in enterprise computing,
you are behind.For applications in the consumer market, you are
behind.For applications in pervasive location intelligence, you are
behind.The market is shifting beneath your feet and the foundation is
cracking.We hope we've revealed these cracks in a valuable way.
We wish you the best of luck in this time of change.
Respectfully,
Adena Schutzberg
Joe Francica
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| Wow! A lot of the ideas presented in your letter are interesting. To a large extent they are known quantities in any technology-related industry. That is, change happens. Some of it is faster and some of it is slower than we may like. Communication is important - so is having fast, slick (I would say "meaningful" would be a more appropriate term) interfaces. In our shop, keeping it “simple” has gone along ways in maintaining a successful GIS program. I have to say that the idea of "quaint, but slow and feature laden offerings" from government agencies is not exactly correct. I would be more than glad to give you links to our web-based mapping pages that demonstrate ultra-thin, fast and, again, meaningful uses of Internet technology. From my view point, it is the MapQuests and Google Maps that are in “quaint” stage of development. At this point, they are cute and somewhat helpful for driving directions. These companies will undoubtedly continue to develop their applications into better and broader solutions. I applaud their efforts because, if nothing else, they are presenting the "geospatial" industry to a larger and larger audience each day. With serious consideration, they could revolutionize the information technology industry. I'm still trying to figure out exactly who your letter was intended to address. Software companies exist to make money, governments exist to provide services to their citizens, the Internet exists to provide communications for us all. Your role, I assume, is to be a voice for the industry, but I have to ask: What is your solution to the problem? |
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| Steve: The point we are trying to make is that we wonder if the GIS/geospatial software providers haven't lost their edge and are failing to innovate. Our letter was directed squarely at the big GIS/geospatial providers in case that wasn't clear. I also want to point you to a brief discussion I had with Ignacio Guerrero of Intergraph. "Guerrero believes that the next technology to significantly impact geospatial solutions might be "search." He said that we've had the wars in operating systems and we've seen the battles for the browser, but the next big thing may be search engine technology. And presumably once that's sorted out we'll have fixed the missing element of Web services, the "service broker" relationship." I mentioned this in my comments from the GITA conference this past March (See http://nt1.directionsmag.com/weekly_email.asp?id=527) So, here is a VP for a major GIS/geospatial software company that essentially hit the nail on the proverbial head. I'm sure the changing nature of the location technology landscape has been discussed at the highest levels of other GIS companies as well; not just Intergraph, and not just 3 months ago. The market has been undergoing change for 3 or 4 years! We, as members of the same community ourselves, felt compelled to identify some of the issues, and although hindsight is always 20/20, the market indicators were well known long ago. Thanks for posting your comment. |
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| Right on Joe! The world has moved beyond traditional GIS, both the acronym and a software-only focus. Companies are now and have been looking for business problem solutions and now location technology is beginning to play a larger role. Integrating a company's (geocoded) internal business data with external geospatial data (the business "terrain") using GIS technology and data offers an improved picture of a company's competitive position. The time is "now" where enterprise geospatial is concerned. You correctly pointed this out at the recent Location Technology and Business Intelligence Conference. The military has this figured out the role of the physical terrain and Sun Tzu would have written something about GIS if he was alive now. Let's help businesses visualize their competitive terrain using geospatial software and data along with the benefit of sound geospatial reasoning and interpretation. |
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| Dear Adena and Joe, Thank you for your open letter. Your comments invite responses from all sectors of the Spatial industry. As inventors of the wearable GPS for GIS 7 years ago and being involved in designing reseach equipment for scientists most of my life I have a personal interest in keeping up with technology. I came into the spatial industry rather late because I was not exposed to it consciously, but I was using it every time I opened a street map to find my location. Because we work with the major GIS software vendors to assist our clients in using our GPS systems for asset collection, our company had to have to have a reasonable understanding of GIS software. We have seen some major changes in our Industry in the last 4 years notable the different disciplines of GIS and Survey are merging into one Spatial Industry and the teaching institutes are being forced to adjust the course content for this change. This is also evident in the offering of Major GIS software such as ESRI and MapInfo. I like to give back to my Industry so I volunter some of my time in GIS in Schools program and I am disgusted at the attitude of teachers who are not embracing Spatial technology and are teaching "paper geography" and are not preparing students for the use of Basic GIS which will be required in their every day lives. What Google Maps, MapQuest have intoduced is the use of Geospatial data in a simple way and stimulated the general public in use of electronic Maps. I can only see this as better for the Industry if the majors embrace the technology and plug into the applications because the public at large will want more advanced applications than finding a house on the street and then viewing in 3D. (Some issues occur here due to privacy and terrorist use) I can see applications in major Industry and Local government where standard electronic documents and data exchange between departments have a map feature inbuilt as part of decision making process and this is enhanced by loading maps from the web if they were not available from local suppliers. This spatial feature extends to use of mobile phones where you can bring up a map of an area you are not familar with. In making my comments I have only a limited view so I hope my input will stimulate communication so we can all learn a little. |
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| Thanks for this letter, and for all the blog entries about Google breaking new ground in online information delivery, plus the innovative ways people are "hacking" Google's maps. I was able to reference some points from your letter in a presentation I gave today at the annual NYC ARC (ESRI) user's group symposium. My talk focused on the question of whether Google's approach has eclipsed more traditional GIS technology. But the ensuing discussion raised some good, cautionary points. Google's maps have the "wow" factor, but the information they display is ephemeral. The nonprofit groups that we provide GIS services to, for example, need geocoded data not only for map display, but for analysis and comparisons over time. These nonprofits don't necessarily want to know much about GIS -- they just need the map -- but without GIS they're back to the days of push pins. This has always been a concern of mine with how architects approach mapping. They make intricate, spatially accurate drawings, but without storing their detailed drawings in a GIS database, the impact is fleeting and useless for additional analysis -- which is really where GIS shines. Maps based on text search technology -- rather than the rich GIS content developed by local data providers -- often yield confusing or wrong results. A search at Google Maps for "Yankee Stadium, Bronx, NY" lists 10 locations, half of which are in midtown Manhattan and have nothing (apparently) to do with the Yankees. I'm sure Google and others are honing this, but for how much longer will web users be willing to sacrifice accuracy for speed and coolness? Overall your point is on the mark -- these new approaches to online information access (not necessarily mapping/GIS) are a wake up call to our industry, broadly speaking. But I don't know that GIS vendors are at fault. I view this more as a challenge for the more creative elements in our field to overcome. |
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| Thank you for the article. I am always interested in the development of GIS in the States. As a recent graduate in GIS I am looking to start my own GIS consultancy in Africa and wondered what services you recommend I should offer? Many thanks Kim |
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| An interesting letter and although it was addressed to the GIS software industry I feel compelled to comment from a GIS user point of view. This is what we are looking for from the industry. Not just ways to accumulate and distribute more data but way to create and use more robust data (embedded metadata). It is the quality of the data that is important to our customer, the DOD. And we must be able to quickly and accurately analyze that data. Even more so we must provide this capability in a secure web-based environment to many users at different levels, many of whom are geospatially challenged. While web-based maps are a useful tool to the average user it does not begin to provide the complex analysis capabilities to ask the "what if" questions that form the backbone of a GIS. We in the GIS industry are not just looking to replace the paper map but rather the entire map library including the ability to bring in historical maps and imagery into the mix at a touch of a button. We want to be able to mine the data down to the lowest common denominator, to find out not just where the building is but what's inside it. This means combining all spatial data, CAD, GIS, GPS, imagery, and non-spatial attribute data into a common environment. |
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| First - Thanks for rocking the boat! This is clearly got people thinking... On the Google Maps front, I think there are two key issues re it's adoption and hacking: 1) Google Maps are fast and free. The use of a pre-defined map scales allows all the data to be pre-rendered, which makes serving them much much faster than custom rendering. On top of this, they run in Google's super farm of servers. There is no way any geospatial company could offer this sort of infrastructure for "free". 2) It's a very "cool" implemention of Web 2.0 / AJAX technology. This is perhaps the most important factor re: the hacks. Many developers want to start working with AJAX, and Google Maps is the hot new demo. GMail is also built using AJAX, and there were some hacks for it, but the eye candy factor of Google Maps really gave it the momentum. The combination of "cool app" with "cool technology" is what's pushing the hacks, not the API per se. |
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| Where in Google Maps/MapBlast or MapPoint can I ask these services and apps to show me all parcels with a value of $225,000 and owners with the first name of Felix and no property taxes paid in two years so that I can be sure that Uncle Felix's taxes have been paid? Where in these services/apps do they allow me to convert vector data into raster data so that I can study geologic rock types? Where in these services/apps can I output volumes of data into Excel or Access so that I manipulate the data to my heart's content? Where in these services/apps can I measure the length of my backyard to within six inches so that I prove to my neighbor that he is encroaching on my property with his fence? Where in these services/apps can I locate the water connection to my house so that it can be turned off if the water main breaks? I for one am glad that the GIS companies have not abandoned GIS users in government, industry and academia for makers of simple maps. I am also glad that they understand that their tools are for decisionmakers and not to tell Aunt Jo how to drive home. I use MapBlast all the time to find where someone lives and I use MapPoint to plot customer facilities. But there is no way that I will give up my GIS and CAD applications, like there is no way that I will give up Word for NotePad or a pencil for my laptop. |
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| Software companies sell items…finite, distinct items that can be priced to generate revenue. Functionality is the metric by which new items are measured against past editions…more functions justify upgrades, which generates new revenue. Software companies have user communities, and depend on selling to the user base to stay alive. Users demand fixes to problems, and wish for cool new stuff. So the GIS companies fix and make new stuff, and sell it to the same old crowd. “Churning the registered base” is another way to put it. GIS companies and their users are tied to each other, and live in their own world. Users make and own the data on which GIS lives. Data are local. Most data has little or no value beyond its original environment. One man’s schema is another’s curse. Even imagery is worth pennies per mile as soon as there’s something newer. There’s precious little margin in data, and plenty of locally-specific requirements. Combine local with cheap and the business model falls apart. As for data companies, ask any (either?) of them who’s making money. Or not. The core issue is prices for boxes. Sure, you can put an API in a box, but you can’t charge enough to compensate for the lost seats. You can’t put the web in a box. Some have tried, but that world moves too fast for a box-oriented culture to keep up. An open web may be the future, but empowering your users to create their own function sets trims the revenue stream when you are depending on next years iteration to keep your revenue stream flowing. At the end of the day, the GIS world is small and commercially saturated. GIS companies are doing exactly what they do best, doing it the only way they know how, and doing it the only way they can. They made their market, and now it owns them. Breakout innovation can’t and won’t happen at the companies who began the GIS business, nor should it. True GIS professionals need the (full-featured) tools to create the content on which our (literal) communities depend. |
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| Great article--for it not only points out the obvious trend towards the increasing prevalence of displaying data in a spatial context, but also calls out those who long for the days when GIS was so niche-y that you had to go through an 'analyst' typing command line to get the most rudimentary map. Instead of salivating at the opportunities that will arise, this not-small part of the GIS community seems to want to stay stuck in, I don't know, 1996? Two conversations I had recently point out the clash of the old/new mentalities... 1) A broker of business data was lamenting a long-term contract where they are paying a GIS firm a seven figure sum (yes, 7), to provide basic geocoding and spatial intersection services. No one on their end understood what GIS was, so these services sounded hopelessly exotic way back when. Now there's a growing sense that there might be faster/better/cheaper ways of doing this. When I stopped laughing at him, I explained that his firm could set up an interactive Web service in-house to do all of this 'on-the-fly' and cut that expense by at least 80-90%. Funny, he wasn't amused. 2) A major city quite well known for their use of GIS throughout its many agencies, launched a program to get educators using GIS (the leading GIS desktop program being the platform) in schools and using the city's data as a starting point for school projects, etc. The training budget easily dwarfed the software costs and lo and behold a few years later many of those who were trained took their skills to the private sector. Needless to say, much of the software/hardware is now unused since no one has the time/resources to figure out how to master themes, views, map documents, etc. In 2005, forget the expensive software-specific training--get Keyhole/Google Earth streaming into the classrooms, integrate your city basemap information using easy-to-create XML, give the kids 10 minutes to figure out the interface, and yes, put a joystick in their hands and see how quickly they'll latch onto flying around their neighborhood (or the Himalayas, or the Amazon basin, etc, etc.) In short, the geospatial value chain is splitting up before our eyes. The days of digitizing, analyzing, and creating a map in a single expensive program with a huge learning curve are (thankfully) over. While the industry oligarchy is taking care of their largest customers who still require this A-Z functionality, the opportunity to serve the masses with their newly realized focussed needs is a bonanza for those of us who've already 'gotten' the power of geography. |
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| Joe, We appreciate your initiaive in posing these questions to the GIS vendor community. Clearly, this letter has triggered some reflection and good initial discussion. However, your questions, while on point, don't frame the one that keeps me up at night... "Why is it that Location Technology and the Location Intelligence it enables is still not a mainstream IT capability? We have been talking about this inevitability for years at AM/FM, URISA and GITA conferences. Generally speaking: 1) the massive and rapidly growing amount of enterprise data and web content is not spatially indexed, despite the belief that "80% of all data contain location references", 2) there is no "easy, cost effective, or standard way" for me to connect a browser-based geographic search, analysis and mapping tool to my proprietary data, and 3) the business case to undertake 1 & 2 is very elusive. We are fast approaching a decade of web-based mapping technologies, and we haven't moved much past online advertising or customer-centric "guide me to your store" applications, when measured by tangible revenue for technology and/or data vendors. The wireless LBS segment is not much healthier. I recently read an old (2001) market research report which forecast that location-enabled enterprise applications would be a bigger segment than the entire GIS industry, by 2003. It is 2005 and still not the case... notwithstanding an Internet bubble burst and an IT/Telecom spending slump. As ubiquitous as location is to government, commercial enterprises and the human condition... we have yet to see a multi-billion dollar market for this technology emerge, vis-a-vis CRM, ERP, Data Warehouse, and BI (beyond the evolution of the traditional GIS/Mapping market). You have identified a gap between the traditional, heavy lifting GIS and Mapping technologies, applications and vendor strategies... and the "cool" and "simple" capabilities of MapQuest and Google. However, it would seem to me that the gap is not a lack of technology, vision on the part of the established vendors or energetic sales and marketing effort. Rather, as an industry (old and new players alike) we have not been successful in demonstrating a compelling reason to buy and implement the technology on the scale of other IT technologies. "A picture is worth a thousand words"... doesn't cut it with the CXO's facing today's business and government fiscal reality. |
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| Not sure it is appropriate to post two consecutive responses... but just came across Hal Reid's recent coverage of Telematics Detroit 2005... Apparently the Telematics Segment is suffering from the same challenges as LBS, ELSS, and Location Intelligence... http://www.directionsmag.com/article.php?article_id=868 |
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| In the context of comments above, if Autodesk saw a real business opportunity in Web-based tools, they would have spent $27 million on strengthening MapGuide instead of wasting it on their Vision acquisition. When you think about it...Vision was nothing but a set of DB access routines. That's pretty close to the web/API business model. So maybe they thought they were strengthing MapGuide? This does, of course, assume they were thinking along these lines. |
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| My hat is off to companies that pioneered GIS, LBS, etc, and in my opinion, continue to do so. I don't think it is so much that they missed the boat as it is that others now understand the value proposition and have jumped on board, expanding the ranks and adding new market segments. Besides, comparing Google to a traditional GIS company is like comparing apples to oranges. As others have pointed out in their comments, you can rationalize the broad market in a synoptic manner but the devil is in the details. GIS companies still provide clear value... and there's a long way to go in this market. Also, I don't really know of any GIS companies today that aren't really IT companies that specialize in geospatial. When I entered the 'GIS' business in 1975, building the Wetlands Analytical Mapping for the National Wetlands Inventory Program and struggling with topology algorithms, Roger Tomlinson (a.k.a. "The Father of GIS") heard about our work and paid a visit. It was a fruitful exchange of ideas and vision. At dinner that evening I asked Roger about where the GIS roller coaster was heading. He replied that the ultimate GIS was one that modeled the world one-to-one. Wow! A digital model of the earth. [Note that he didn't say "the ultimate map of the world."] What an audacious idea! A model of the earth on a computer that functions like the earth, including all people, places, things and processes. Since then, that concept has never left my mind. When I gauge the progress of the industry according to that benchmark, I see alot of science and technology that's yet to come. The world needs alot of smart people working in software companies that share this vision. As GIS technology matures, and continues to migrate more into mainstream IT, the appetite for geospatial savvy companies and people can only expand. Sure we'll see changes and consolidation, but I think it's safe to say that people who really get the science and are pushing the state-of-the-art have job security well into the future. Simply put, a pretty map on my cell phone or desktop is not the end game. |
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| Harry: I don't disagree with your premise, but I think our point about "missing the boat" was more about innovation than technology. Who will be the companies of the future that take the innovation of the past and turn it into a more usable system for a broader market. Let's take an example more toward your scenario of wetlands mapping. Let's say that you are a geologist that is researching the Kootenai Sandstone of southwestern Montana. You need to see a geologic map from the Whitehall Quadrangle in order to see the subsurface structure. If you are doing a search because you need any existing digital data to import to your mapping software, will you search the archives of the USGS or will you go to Google because they have a better search tool to find geospatial data and a means to display that data on a map? Will you visit the Geography Network or MSN Virtual Earth? Frankly, you'll visit the site that has the best geospatial search capabilities...and who will that be? Five years down the road, the answer might surprise us. |
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| At the end of the day and after all the debating is done, someone will be the smart one to make use of whatever GIS technology exists to make the desire profits for the desired financial success. Will that be/is Google? or will the real winner be the one entity that can foot the bill to melt all geopatial technology into one powerful engine that will finally satisfy the click of a mouse and the wireless device? |
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| A letter to the editor has been posted regarding this article: http://www.directionsmag.com/letters.php?letter_id=209 |
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| Hello I am doing a report on GIS. I was looking for more information on different fields of GIS. eg. map building, excavating land, bussiness world? |
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| Like most GIS/CAD based service providers who rely on the market, I stumbled across this discussion as I was surfing for competitors... My shame disclaimer… I am a BIG supporter of Open GIS and Open software as well as the grass roots mentality behind there development. Although… The spread of GIS and it's conversion from a back-office, heads-down, "identifying the Torreya Taxifolia in a amongst a million pine trees" type of technology, to a now prominent component of IT/IS and front-end to corporate and public data, is due to the fact that the ESRI's and MapInfo's have been pushing the software. All of the maps, images, Geocoding from Mom's house to the Grocery, comes from underlying map data. The data that is to say, the collection, production and MAINTAINANCE of the data by those using the desktop software providers applications. Like most GIS professionals, I hate the costs, licensing and hoops that are handed out by these companies. But unlike the Google Maps and MapQuests, they were there then, now, and I know they will be there in the future. These companies do not remain profitable because they are innovative all by themselves; they remain profitable and grow because they have grown WITH the technology. The only way the technology grows is when there exists a demand for it and those willing to pay for it. That requires return on investment. The current plateaux of the utilization of LBS and GIS, is natural - as in all business. Not everyone owns a plane, most people drive cars - some even walk sometimes... it depends on the market and knowing in advance that buying that plane and making that investment is actually going to make, or save you money in the long run... As more organizations utilize the technology, all those “Joneses” enviers will be catching slowly but surely. That is when you will see advances in new innovation and more utilization will eventually be realized. Just a thought... |
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| How can i also start my own consultancy in GIS. Is it fruitful or i have to shift later. |
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